Academic Listening #4: Practice — Name the Signpost

Sequence. “That’s the…” closes a section and “Let’s look at…” opens the next. Your pen should move to a new line. Nothing here is technical — if you were waiting for a keyword, you missed it.

Emphasis — and a restriction. What follows is a condition on everything said before it. A note without “low T only” would be wrong, not merely incomplete.

Contrast. “In fact” after an expectation nearly always reverses it. Students who catch only “resistance… drop… rose” and write the first verb they hear record the opposite result.

Orientation. Number words in an opening are a gift: the talk has three parts, so leave three labelled spaces in your notes and fill them as they arrive.

Summary. A rhetorical question followed by “essentially” is a very common closing move. Stop writing and listen — ten minutes are about to be compressed into one sentence.